• TL1A is a type II transmembrane protein that exists in either membrane-bound (mTL1A) or soluble (sTL1A) forms. TL1A is expressed in various immune cells (such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells) as well as in non-immune cells (such as synovial fibroblasts and endothelial cells). TL1A competes with Death Receptor 3 (DR3) for binding, providing stimulus signals for downstream signaling pathways, thereby regulating the proliferation, activation, apoptosis of effector cells, and the production of cytokines and chemokines.
• TL1A can independently mediate inflammation and fibrosis, and is linked to the occurrence and pathogenesis of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, and psoriasis. The TL1A/DR3 pathway is a crucial component of mucosal immunity and intestinal homeostasis, and its clinical significance has been validated for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
• Human TL1A protein in cell supernatant of bone marrow-derived cells and serum were detectable in homozygous B-hTL1A mice plus.
• This product is used for the evaluation of the pharmacodynamics and safety of anti-human TL1A antibodies in autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.

Soluble TL1A expression analysis in B-hTL1A mice and B-hTL1A mice plus by ELISA. Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were produced by culturing the bone marrow from wild-type C57BL/6N mice (+/+) , homozygous B-hTL1A mice (H/H), and homozygous B-hTL1A mice plus (H/H), which were stimulated with LPS in vitro. After stimulation, the supernatants were collected and the levels of soluble TL1A were measured using a species-specific human TL1A ELISA kit (R&D, DY1319-05). Soluble human TL1A was exclusively detectable in homozygous B-hTL1A mice and B-hTL1A mice plus but not wild-type C57BL/6N mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. ND: not detectable.

Soluble TL1A expression analysis in B-hTL1A mice and B-hTL1A mice plus  by ELISA. Serum were collected from homozygous B-hTL1A mice and B-hTL1A mice plus stimulated with LPS in vivo for 4h, and analyzed by ELISA with species-specific human TL1A ELISA kit. Soluble human TL1A was detectable in homozygous B-hTL1A mice and homozygous B-hTL1A mice plus. LPS stimulation could increase the expression of human TL1A protein. The expression of human TL1A protein in the B-hTL1A mice plus is higher than that in the B-hTL1A mice. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.